How Does FaceID Work on Apple iPhones and iPads?


Apple introduced its face recognition feature to the iPhones since the iPhone X. It replaces TouchID or Fingerprint scanner in a phone for authentication. So in this article let's understand how does this FaceID Tech work on an iPhones & iPads.

What is FaceID?

Apple introduced the face recognition feature with the introduction of iPhone X. It is a set of hardware and software components together that map your face data accurately and can be used to Unlock your iPhone by just looking at it. Apple calls it "Magic" but it isn't magic either.

How does FaceID Work on an iPhone?

The hardware set of components is located in the notch of the iPhone at the top of the display. The first area, at the top of the display, is dubbed the TrueDepth camera system. It's comprised of a flood illuminator, infrared camera, front camera, and a dot projector. There's also a proximity sensor, ambient light sensor, and a speaker and microphone all packed inside. 

TrueDepth Camera

Every time you glance at your iPhone X, the TrueDepth camera system will detect your face with a flood illuminator, even in the dark. An infrared camera will then take an image, and a dot projector will project out over 30,000 invisible infrared dots. This system uses the infrared image and the infrared dots and then pushes them through neural networks to create a mathematical model of your face. Face ID automatically adapts to changes in your appearance, such as wearing cosmetic makeup or growing facial hair.

Neural Networks
Your iPhones & iPads will check scans (or mathematical models) of your face against the one you've set up and stored on your device to see if it's a match, and if it is, it will unlock your phone. This all happens in real-time and invisibly. Apple said it worked with thousands of people across the world and took over a billion images, and with that, it developed multiple neural networks to form its Face ID technology.

Neural Engine
In order to process all the data from the FaceID system, Apple has a specialized neural engine into the A11 Bionic & A12 Bionic Processors. In other words, it's specialized hardware built for a set of machine learning algorithms.

How Secure is FaceID?
The probability that a random person in the population could look at your iPhone or iPad Pro and unlock it using Face ID is approximately 1 in 1,000,000 with a single enrolled appearance. If there is a significant change in your appearance, like shaving a full beard, Face ID confirms your identity by using your passcode before it updates your face data.

As the FaceID has specialized hardware that can map your face accurately the system is pretty secure and one cannot bypass it using printed photographs or other methods.

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