Technology is getting slimmer and slimmer.There was a time when we had large and thick Televisions,Thick and bulky laptops.All these electronics got smaller and lighter over the course of many years.This is all made possible due to PCB where we have simplified the electrical connections.So Let's see what is a PCB ,its uses , how are they made and how do they work.
What is a PCB?
PCB stands for Printed Circuit Board.These are circuit boards that are used to connect each electronic component of an appliance or an electronic device.These feel like slim sheets of fibreglass.These are actually boards that have copper wires embedded and organised on a small and thin board of fibreglass.These PCBs make complex connections inside an appliance simple and we get all the connections needed on a single piece of fibreglass that are even smaller than the palm of our hand.A printed circuit board (PCB) is the board base for physically supporting and wiring the surface-mounted and socketed components in most electronics.
How are PCBs made?
PCBs have a complex manufacturing process.They are manufactured using a process called photolithography.Most PCBs are made from fiberglass(FR4) or glass-reinforced plastics with copper traces.
Firstly we take about three slices of fibreglass which are then combined using resin that turns these slices into a slab of fibreglass.Then the fibreglass slab is covered with a thin copper sheet on both the sides and coated with a chemical called as photoresist.
Then what we do is print the design of the desired circuit board on to the slab,Say for example you want to design a PCB for a Laptop so what we will do is first we will design the way we want our connections to go from one electrical component to the other after the design for PCB is ready we will print it on the slab of Fibreglass and then expose it to the UV light and take it to a process called as washing where the uncovered area of the top layer of copper which is blank is removed and we then get fine tracks of copper according to our design.At the end there is a process called as etching where we remove the excess of copper from the PCB.After all these complex procedures our PCB is now ready.PCBs are additionally then drilled to attach various electrical components like capacitors,resistors or chips.Electronic components are typically placed by machine onto a finished PCB that has solder dabs in place. The PCB bakes in an industrial oven to melt the solder, which joins the connections.
And at the end what we get are these thin and slim brains which control almost everything in our day to day life.PCB generally has a thickness from anywhere between 0.2mm to 7mm.PCBs can be single-layer for simple electronic devices. Printed circuit boards for complex hardware, such as computer graphics cards and motherboards, may have up to twelve layers. PCBs are most often green but they can come in any color.
Other methods of PCB manufacturing include silk-screening and CNC-milling.
Places where PCBs are used
Today we use PCBs in all most every electronic appliances Like Television,Refrigerator,Air Conditioner ,Laptops,Smartphones and various IOT devices like Smart Bulbs.
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To ensure the PCB will function as intended, manufacturers inspect it at different stages throughout the design, fabrication, and assembly processes. Inspection is a crucial activity for ensuring the product not only operates as expected, but also meets quality standards. The increasing complexity of PCBs today leads to new capabilities, and at the same time, gives rise to higher chances of failure. Therefore, inspection techniques and technologies have also evolved to keep pace and to ensure the quality.Inspection helps to locate defects, and correcting them leads to an overall improvement of the operation. It also helps in revealing existing design flaws. Inspecting PCBs after each phase of the process enables locating flaws before moving on to the next stage. Correcting the process for eliminating flaws requires much less effort and time than when repairing a defective product in the field. The inspection process helps in ensuring consistent quality of the products, builds confidence in customers, and reinforces the manufacturer’s reputation. A defective PCB may cause injury when it is part of an automation component or even death if it belongs to a medical device. Although this is a worst-case scenario, such disasters can lead to severe damage to reputation and even expensive litigation for the manufacturer."
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