Turbochargers can be found in modern new age cars. It is a revolutionary technique to get more energy out of a normal engine. So in this article let's Untangle Turbochargers.
What is a Turbocharger?
A turbocharger, or turbo, is a gas compressor. It is used to force air into an internal combustion engine. A turbocharger is a form of a supercharger. It increases the amount of air entering the engine to create more power. A turbocharger has the compressor powered by a turbine. The turbine is driven by the exhaust gas from the engine. It does not use a direct mechanical drive. This helps to improve the performance of the turbocharger.
Learn How a Turbocharger Works with the help of a Video
How does a Turbocharger Work?
The Basic Idea is that exhaust drives the turbine(red fan) which is directly connected to power & the compressor(blue fan), which rams air into the engine. For simplicity, we're showing only one cylinder.
So basically how a turbocharger works is that Cool Air Enters the engine's air intake and heads towards the compressor. The compressor fan helps suck air in. The compressor squeezes and heats up the incoming air and blows it out again. Hot compressed air from compressor passes through the heat exchanger which cools it down. Cooled compressed air enters the Engine intake which helps to burn fuel at a faster rate. Since more fuel is burned in the cylinder it produces more energy quickly and can send more power to the wheels via pistons, shafts, and gears.
Waste from the cylinder exits through the exhaust outlet. The hot exhaust gases blowing past the turbine fan make it rotate at high speed. The spinning turbine is mounted on the same shaft as the compressor (shown here as a pale orange line). So, as the turbine spins, the compressor spins too. The exhaust gas leaves the car, wasting less energy than it would otherwise.
Advantages of Turbochargers
You can use turbochargers with either gasoline or diesel engines and on more or less any kind of vehicle (car, truck, ship, or bus). The basic advantage of using a turbocharger is that you get more power output for the same size of engine (every power stroke of the piston, in each cylinder, generates more power than it would otherwise do). However, more power means more energy output per second, and the law of conservation of energy tells us that means you have to put more energy in as well, so you must burn correspondingly more fuel. In theory, that means an engine with a turbocharger is no more fuel efficient than one without. However, in practice, an engine fitted with a turbocharger is much smaller and lighter than an engine producing the same power without a turbocharger, so a turbocharger car can give better fuel economy in that respect. Manufacturers can often now get away with fitting a much smaller engine to the same car.
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